Compound Words, and Types of Compound Words.

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background

   Morphology as one of the most important studies in linguistics is very important for students as English learners. It studies about how the words are built up from the smallest pieces. Understanding the formation of those words is very useful for the learners since English is considered as the foreign language in Indonesia. The learners learn the words and try to know how to use and organize them. This process is a part of morphological process in English. The morphological process of English teaches English learners the rules for forming new word such as verb, noun, adjective, adverb becoming other word classes. Through this morphological process, the formation of new word from another word classes is done by putting affixation to the existing word, for example the noun form of friend becomes the adjective form friendly by adding suffix -ly.

   Moreover, the joining of two words or more can express new meanings when they are written separately, as a one word, or hyphenated. A word may also have different meanings when it is added by some affixes. This process happens in word-formation processes. Yule (2010) classifies word-formation processes into nine: coinage, borrowing, compounding, blending, back-formation, conversion, acronyms, derivation, and multiple-processes. This research discusses compounding as a part of word-formation processes. This topic is chosen because compound words have specific characteristics in their morphological aspects, such as the types, the orthographic features, and the meanings of compounds. The selected articles are chosen because a lot of formations of compound words are not written in simple way but more complex.

1.2. The Formulation of the Problem.

   The formulation of the problem this paper is to knowing about definition of compound words, and types of compound words.

1.3. The objective of the Problem.

   The objective of the problem is to discuss about definition of compound words, and types of compound words.

CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

2.1. Definition of Compound Words

      Compound words are formed when two or more words are put together to form a new word with a new meaning. They can function as different parts of speech, which can dictate what form the compound takes on. For example, the word carry over is an open compound word when it’s used as a verb but it is closed when used as a noun and an adjective. Compound words are so prevalent in the English language we don’t think much about them – until it’s time to write them. Then we often have to stop and think about how they’re put together.

2.2. Types of Compound Words

            a.            Open compound word

An open compound word is created in cases when the modifying adjective is used with its noun to create a new noun. This isn’t quite the same as a noun with a modifying adjective. We just use a space between the adjective and the noun, so sometimes it can be hard to identify as a compound; however, if the two words are commonly used together, it is considered to be a compound word.

Examples of word:

Ice cream                              Grand jury

Cave in                                 Post office

Real estate                            Middle class

Full moon                             Attorney general

Half sister                            

Examples of sentence:

-          Ice cream is my favorite dessert.

-          The line at the post office snaked all the way out the door and around the corner.

-          Rhonda is my half sister.

-          There must be a full moon out tonight.

            b.               Closed compound words

   Closed compound words look like one word. At one point, these words weren’t used together, but they’re now accepted as a “real word” in the English language. Closed compound words are usually made up of only two words. Here are some closed compound examples words and sentences.

Examples of word:

Cannot                                 Baseball

Fireworks                             Grandmother

Elsewhere                             Upside

Together                               Sunflower

Crosswalk                            Become

Basketball                            Moonlight

Football                                Railroad

Anybody                              Weatherman

Skateboard                           Earthquake

Everything                           Sometimes

Schoolhouse                         Upstream

Fireflies                                Grasshopper

Inside                                   Playthings

   The English language is always evolving, and when words become used more frequently, they are often eventually written as one word. When the Internet first began, for example, we talked about going on-line. Now that this is a daily experience for most of us, the spelling online has become commonly accepted.

Examples of sentence:

-          I love the fireworks on the fourth of July.

-          Make sure you hold hands when you come to the crosswalk.

-          The ocean was bathed in moonlight.

-          Did you hear amount the terrible earthquake?

-          The fireflies buzzed in the night sky.

             c.             Hyphenated compound words

   Hyphenated compound words are connected by a hyphen. To avoid confusion, modifying compounds are often hyphenated, especially when they precede a noun such as in the case of part-time teacher, high-speed chase, and fifty-yard dash. When they come after the noun they are open compounds: a chase that is high speed, a teacher that is part time, etc. Comparative and superlative adjectives are hyphenated when they are compounded with other modifiers: the highest-priced computer, the lower-priced car. Adverbs that end in –ly and compounded with another modifier are not modified: a highly rated restaurant, a publicly held meeting.

Examples of word:

One-half                               Mother-in-law

Eighty-six                             One-third

Merry-go-round                   Well-being

Mass-produced                    Over-the-counter

Daughter-in-law      

Examples of sentence:

-          My mother-in-law is coming for a visit.

-          The merry-go-round at the carnival thrilled Ella.

-          Some over-the-counter drugs can have serious side effects.

   If you’re concerned for your well-being make sure you eat healthy foods and get plenty of exercise.

   It’s true the rules for compound words can be a bit ambiguous at times. The best thing to do when you have a question about a compound word is look it up. Often times you’ll find options with the preferred choice listed first. The bottom line is that the only way to know for sure how to spell compounds is to consult an authoritative source: a good dictionary.

CHAPTER III

CONCLUSION

3.1.Conclusion

REFERENCES

Pam Marshall, ‘k12reader’, http://www.k12reader.com/compound-words/. Accessed May 29, 2018

Yule, G. 2010. The Study of Language: Fourth Edition. New York: Cambridge University Press.